HIV and AIDS

JSI leads and participates in a variety of projects that address HIV and AIDS prevention, care, and support needs both in the U.S. and worldwide. JSI and our non-profit sister company, World Education, Inc., collaborate as the JSI/World Education Center for HIV and AIDS. The Center for HIV and AIDS links both organizations' expertise and resources, bringing a breadth of experience to needs assessment, training, organizational and sustainability planning, clinical quality assurance, evaluation, and other activities to help stem the epidemic and assuage its global effects.

For JSI-authored articles in peer-reviewed journals please go to Journal Articles.

Please note the following are listed in chronological order starting with the most recent publication.

Getting in the Door: Home-Based HIV Testing and Counseling in Kenya (PDF, 593 KB)

Home-based HIV testing and counseling (HBHTC) has emerged as a promising
approach to meet the Kenyan government's challenge - that 80 percent of all Kenyans
to know their HIV status by the end of 2013. By using rapid tests, HIV programs are
able to offer HTC services to individuals and families within the privacy and
convenience of their own homes. Furthermore, HBHTC provides an entry point at the
community level for referrals and integration of other health messages, such as
family planning, tuberculosis screening, and malaria prevention. This case study
provides program planners, implementers, and decision makers with examples of
strategies and approaches for ensuring quality in HBHTC.

Addressing HIV and Gender from the Ground Up in Kenya (PDF, 599 KB)

In Kenya, the government's work against HIV is supplemented frequently by civil society organizations. These organizations, however, are often faced with a lack of available funding and knowledge. The Maanisha Community Focused Initiative, a program that works in many of Kenya's provinces, works to provide CSOs with both grants and capacity building in all HIV program areas while simultaneously addressing multiple gender-related issues. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2011.

Allowing Men to Care: Fatherhood Project in South Africa (PDF, 590 KB)

In South Africa, men are increasingly rejecting wide-spread stereotypes of manhood by stepping forward to challenge gender roles that compromise their well-being and the health of their partners and their families. This case study documents the Sonke Gender Justice Network's Fatherhood project, which was designed to reduce HIV transmission and address related problems, such as gender-based violence, women's overwhelming burden of care, and the preponderance of children in need of care and support. JSI/AIDSTAR-One Project, 2011.

Earning Their Way to Healthier Lives: Women First in Mozambique (PDF, 793 KB)

A complex matrix of factors, such as low literacy, early sexual initiation, and limited economic opportunities, increases the vulnerability of women to HIV infection in Mozambique. The Women First program addresses the role that poverty and lack of access to health information play in the spread of HIV through legal rights and income-generating activities. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2011.

Human Rights Considerations in Addressing HIV among Men who Have Sex with Men (PDF, 808 KB)

This technical brief provides a systematic global review and synthesis of practical approaches, program examples, and resources to support human rights as a core element of HIV programming for MSM. This document gives an overview of U.S. policies on and commitments to MSM and human rights, and outlines recommended approaches, including program examples in various countries, for linking health and human rights to address HIV among MSM. It also offers a synthesis of questions for developing and monitoring HIV programs for MSM, and a list of program resources. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2011.

Rebuilding Hope: Polyclinic of Hope Care and Treatment Project, Rwanda (PDF, 543 KB)

Thousands of local nongovernment organizations (NGOs) are working to help Kenyans better protect themselves and change practices that contribute to the HIV epidemic, including sexual and gender-based violence (GBV), early marriage, cross-generational, and transactional sex, in addition to poor health-seeking behavior. Yet NGOs often lack the know-how and resources to be effective in preventing HIV. The Polyclinic of Hope in Rwanda takes a comprehensive approach to combating gender-based violence for genocide survivors affected by HIV by facilitating support groups, encouraging income generation activities and providing HIV testing and treatment services. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2011.

Risky Business Made Safer: HIV Prevention in Zambia's Border Towns (PDF, 470 KB)

In Zambia's border towns and commercial corridors, the HIV prevalence rate has been spiked due to an increasingly transient population. In response, the Corridors of Hope program works in border towns and corridor communities to promote HIV prevention and testing efforts to the general population and among at-risk groups.

This case study covers one of the 31 programs from the Africa Gender Compendium, an AIDSTAR-One gender and HIV integration resource. A series of five Africa Gender Compendium case studies is accompanied by a findings report, which describes lessons learned, gaps, and common experiences across the programs. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2011.

Emergency Planning for ART Access in Conflict and Post-Conflict Settings: Post-election Violence in Kenya (PDF, 624 KB)

In 2007, Kenya experienced a wave of violence following its presidential elections. This case study documents the emergency plans that had been in place to ensure continuity of HIV treatment programs prior to the outbreak of violence, and the events that occurred during the period of violence. It also highlights the changes to contingency planning for HIV that have taken place since the violence ended. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2011.

Follow the Voice of Life:HIV Prevention and Empowerment of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Orenburg, Russia (PDF, 568 KB)

Gender inequality is a major contributor to men who have sex with men's (MSM) vulnerability to HIV. Understanding the gender dynamics of MSM, as well as their specific sexual identity issues and concerns, is important for delivering effective HIV services. This case study (one of nine in a series) describes how an NGO in Russia created an MSM-supportive environment and provided free access to HIV services through its "Follow the Voice of Life" program. Developed with the active participation of MSM, this community-based program offers a range of peer services and professional psychological counseling & support. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2011.

Mobile Clinics in India Take to the Road: Bringing HIV Testing and Counseling and STI Services to Those Most at Risk (PDF, 540 KB)

In India, most new HIV infections are concentrated in specific groups within the population and in certain areas of the country. To effectively reach most-at-risk populations, including sex workers, people who inject drugs and men-who-have sex with men, the Mumbai-based Avert Society is working with other nongovernmental organizations in five districts of Maharashtra to deliver HIV and STI testing via mobile testing clinics. Although the mobile clinic program is less than a year old, it has shown promising results to date. JSI/AIDSTAR-One Project. 2011.

Alcohol and Risky Sex: Breaking the Link (PDF, 609 KB)

In countries battling the most severe HIV epidemics in the world, there is yet another powerful and under-addressed structural force at play: the ubiquitous availability of cheap alcohol and drinking norms that encourage its hazardous use. In this investigative report, Katherine Fritz advocates for a multilevel response to alcohol and risky sex behavior. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Breaking New Ground: Integrating Gender into CARE's STEP Program in Vietnam (PDF, 555 KB)

Gender norms affect the behavior and life choices of both men and women. In Vietnam, these norms sometimes drive people into situations where they are at increased risk of violence, STI acquisition, and/or incarceration. This case study (one of nine in a series) examines CARE International's STEP program, which seeks to ensure that both men and women have equal access to services to prevent STIs, safeguard their health, avoid gender-based violence, and participate in income-generating activities. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2011.

Different Needs But Equal Rights: Giving Voice to Transgender Communities through ASPIDH in El Salvador (PDF, 632 KB)

Although transgender individuals are a highly vulnerable segment of El Salvador's population, the national political climate has only recently begun to support HIV programming that is tailored to their needs. Additionally, limited access to medical services and legal protection and considerable societal stigma and discrimination means that organizations working with transgender individuals must meet a variety of complex and varied needs. This case study, one of 9 in a series, describes the challenges and successes of the Solidarity Association to Promote Human Development (ASPIDH), an NGO that promotes transgender rights via sensitization, education, and advocacy activities. http://worlded.org/WEIInternet/publications/index.cfm?cat=civilsocietydev

Emergency Planning for HIV Treatment Access in Conflict and Post-Conflict Settings: The Case of Northern Uganda (PDF, 526 KB)

During emergencies, the fragile healthcare infrastructures in many developing countries cannot address acute injuries while continuing to manage chronic illness. Potential interruptions in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV are serious concerns because continuity of treatment is critical to prevent transmission and ensure individual and community health. This case study documents Uganda's planning process for continuity of HIV programs in the event of emergencies and highlights changes to the process since the violence from northern Uganda's civil war ended. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2011.

Case Study: Empowering Men Who Have Sex with Men to Live Healthy Lives in Colombia (PDF, 744 KB)

Together, a support network plus access to legal and psychological support are essential components of HIV programming for most-at-risk populations. In Colombia, obtaining this support is difficult for many members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community due to pervasive stigma and discrimination. Bogotá's LGBT Community Center was founded in order to help fill this need and serves a clientele comprised mainly of men who have sex with men. This case study (one of nine in a series) examines the center's efforts to provide a social and educational base for its clients while also advocating for their rights. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: Sex Work and Life with Dignity-Sex Work, HIV, and Human Rights Program in Peru (PDF, 687 KB)

In Peru, where cultural norms emphasize women's subordination and the importance of masculinity, programs with a focus on gender, particularly those involving sex workers, are often underfunded and underrepresented. This case study (one of nine in a series) describes how three organizations focused on sex workers and transgendered and transsexual people have joined together to advance the rights of sex workers. The Sex Work, HIV, and Human Rights Program uses a democratic and participatory approach in order to raise awareness of human rights and advocate for sex workers' rights on both national and local levels. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Equipping Parents and Health Providers to Address the Psychological and Social Challenges of Caring for Children Living with HIV in Africa (PDF, 1.59 MB)

This report provides information to better understand the psychological and social challenges faced in Africa by perinatally-infected children (aged 0-12 years), their parents/caregivers, and their health providers. It explores factors that contribute to the ability of children living with HIV to cope and thrive, and identifies the tools and approaches being used to help parents/caregivers and health providers provide psychosocial support to these children. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Nigeria's Mixed Epidemic: Balancing Prevention Priorities Between Populations (PDF, 437 KB)

Prompted by a growing knowledge of the complexity of HIV transmission, many countries are reassessing the nature of their HIV epidemics. "Mixed" epidemics, or concurrent epidemics experienced by both the general population and members of most-at-risk populations (MARPs), are of growing importance in HIV programming. Nigeria, a country with a range of regional and local epidemics, is now attempting to incorporate programming for MARPs into the national HIV response. This case study documents the country's analysis of its epidemics and the efforts of the Nigerian government to adjust their national strategic plan according to the results of the analysis. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: More Than Just HIV Prevention-Outreach to MARPs Through SIDC in Lebanon (PDF, 548 KB)

Successful outreach to most-at-risk populations (MARPs) recognizes the sociocultural context and particularly the gendered norms in which MARPs live. This case study (one of nine in a series) documents how outreach workers in Lebanon raise awareness about how gender norms can increase HIV risk; deliver basic information on HIV, hepatitis, and other STIs; offer counseling to support positive behavior change, and distribute free condoms, syringes, and lubricants. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: PRASIT-Using Strategic Behavioral Communication to Change Gender Norms in Cambodia (PDF, 637 KB)

Programs focused on promoting gender equity and combating detrimental gender norms play a key role in HIV prevention. This case study (one of nine in a series documents how the PRASIT program in Cambodia targets entertainment workers, their mainly middle class and male clients, and males who have sex with males using strategic behavior communication. Although the programs vary in their approaches, strategies employed by PRASIT have focused on community outreach, mass media campaigns, and peer education. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: SANGRAM's Collectives-Engaging Communities in India to Demand their Rights (PDF, 720 KB)

Integrating strategies to address gender inequity and change harmful gender norms is an increasingly important component of HIV programs. However, gender integration among programs targeting most-at-risk populations is much less prevalent. This case study (one of nine in a series) reviews how SANGRAM, a women-led network of collective empowerment groups in India, is developing and administering projects that promote and protect the rights and health of most-at-risk populations. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: STIGMA Foundation-Empowering Drug Users to Prevent HIV in Indonesia (PDF, 654 KB)

Integrating strategies to address gender inequity and change harmful gender norms is an increasingly important component of HIV programs. However, gender integration among programs targeting most-at-risk populations (MARPs) is much less prevalent. In Indonesia, the STIGMA Foundation uses a peer outreach model to help men and women who inject drugs live safer, healthier, more productive lives through community organizing, advocacy, and networking. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

NuLife-Food and Nutrition Interventions for Uganda (PDF, 590 KB)

This nutrition assessment examines a nutritional assessment, counseling, and support (NACS) program in Uganda that uses a quality improvement approach to services. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Spotlight on Prevention: A Holistic Approach to HIV Prevention Programming for FSW (JPG, 116 KB)

With recent epidemiology showing a continual rise in HIV rates among sex workers,
Melissa Ditmore argues that now is time to develop holistic, effective, and efficient
programming. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: Namibia's Prevention Planning Process (PDF, 870 KB)

In many countries facing high-prevalence, generalized HIV epidemics, the development of a national prevention strategy is difficult and often does not produce coordinated and comprehensive results. In Namibia's prevention planning process, these challenges were addressed using a combination prevention strategy tailored to local epidemiology and demographics. The development process was furthered by a strong sense of cooperation between Namibia's Ministry of Health and Social Services and staff at UNICEF and UNAIDS, as well as CDC and USAID (funded by PEPFAR). JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: Namibia's Prevention Planning Process: Successful Collaboration for a National Combination HIV Prevention Strategy (PDF, 870 KB)

In many countries facing high-prevalence, generalized HIV epidemics, the
development of a national prevention strategy is difficult and often does not produce
coordinated and comprehensive results. In Namibia's prevention planning process,
these challenges were addressed using a combination prevention strategy tailored to
local epidemiology and demographics. The development process was furthered by a strong sense of cooperation between Namibia's Ministry of Health and Social Services and staff at UNICEF and UNAIDS, as well as CDC and USAID (funded by PEPFAR). JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

HIV/AIDS Consumer Study (PDF, 3.59 MB)

JSI conducted a comprehensive study to understand the needs of people living with HIV (PLWH) in Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire for the Boston Public Health Commission and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. The report presents the results of the study and highlights the health care service needs of PLWH, as well as the barriers to care, challenges, and quality of life issues they face. The study surveyed nearly 2,000 PLWH, the largest sample ever for a study of this kind. Jeremy Holman, JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2011.

Case Study: From Paper to Practice - Implementing the World Health Organization's 2010 Antiretroviral Therapy Recommendations for Adults and Adolescents in Zambia (PDF, 617 KB)

After the 2009 release of WHO's rapid advice for HIV treatment in adults and adolescents, Zambia launched a broad-based effort to update its national treatment protocols. The Ministry of Health succeeded in creating an efficient and inclusive review and revision process for the guidelines, which they began implementing in 2011. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Technical Brief: Transition of Management and Leadership of HIV Care and Treatment Programs to Local Partners-Critical Elements and Lessons Learned (PDF, 854 KB)

Assessing and strengthening countries' capacity to implement policies and manage
public resources towards their development goals has become a key priority for
donors working to transition management of development programs, such as HIV
antiretroviral therapy programs, to country ownership. The purpose of this technical brief is to highlight the common elements of successfully transitioned programs, their approaches, and lessons learned to help PEPFAR program managers transition their programs to greater host country management. JSI/AIDSTAR-One.2011.

Case Study: Coffee, Popcorn, Soup, & HIV (PDF, 786 KB)

Chronic food insecurity and achieving strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are global challenges that, together, have a deleterious effect on children and pregnant women living with HIV. In Ethiopia, where the child malnutrition rate is one of the highest in the world, side effects of treatment threaten to reduce adherence to drug regimens and contribute to the development of drug-resistant strains of HIV. This case study examines how the Breedlove Project integrates HIV programming (treatment and PMTCT) with nutrition programming to address short-term and long-term needs of families and households in Ethiopia. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: HIV Treatment Guidelines in Guyana - The Fast Track to Diagnosis and Treatment (PDF, 519 KB)

This case study details Guyana's process for revision of their national HIV treatment guidelines, based on WHO's 2010 revised recommendations. While many countries are still working to revise national guidelines in response to WHO's latest guidance, the National AIDS Program in Guyana has been implementing elements of WHO's 2010 recommendations since 2006. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: Promoting New Models of Masculinity to Prevent HIV among MSM in Nicaragua (PDF, 892 KB)

In Nicaragua, HIV prevention for "sexually diverse" populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM), is made significantly more difficult by societal norms that stigmatize same-sex sexual activity and favor conformity to strict gender roles. Centro para la Prevención y Educación del SIDA (CEPRESI) is addressing this issue by both working to change perceptions of masculinity in Nicaragua's general population and educating MSM on HIV prevention and treatment. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Prioritizing HIV in Mental Health Services Delivered in Post-Conflict Settings (PDF, 571 KB)

Often, mental health and behavioral issues are overlooked in HIV care, support, and treatment programs in post-conflict settings, such as northern Uganda. Undetected and untreated mental health problems have been shown to have a profound effect on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, symptom severity, and quality of life, which in turn can influence HIV progression. This case study examines the Peter C. Alderman Foundation's efforts to integrate HIV services and referrals into their mental health program in the post-conflict area of Northern Uganda. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Integrating Family Planning and HIV Services (PDF, 906 KB)

In regions of high fertility and HIV prevalence, integration of family planning and HIV services has emerged as a promising strategy to prevent transmission of HIV, particularly from mother to child. This interactive case study explores different models of integration and how they have been realized in Kenya and Ethiopia, two pioneers in family planning and HIV service integration. John Snow, Inc. 2011.

Technical Brief: MSM & HIV in the Anglophone Caribbean - A Situation Review (PDF, 950 KB)

Although only 4 of the 12 Anglophone Caribbean countries publicly collect HIV prevalence data among men who have sex with men (MSM), in Jamaica, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago, researchers report an HIV prevalence of more than 20 percent among MSM. Moreover, a notable lack of human rights protection in the Anglophone Caribbean impedes efforts to improve the health of MSM. This technical brief provides basic information about HIV programming for MSM in the Anglophone Caribbean and reviews programming opportunities and resources for regional and local organizations involved. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Technical Report: Co-trimoxazole Management and Availability (PDF, 704 KB)

With the scale-up of HIV treatment programs, substantial funding has been
committed to guarantee an uninterrupted supply of co-trimoxazole for persons living
with HIV (PLHIV), but access to this key intervention remains inconsistent. This
technical report provides a summary of key challenges and innovations arising from
15 countries. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Kyrgyzstan Key HIV Service Mapping Report (PDF, 461 KB)

The countries of Central Asia are witnessing one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in the world. AIDSTAR-One, at the request of USAID/Central Asia, conducted a mapping exercise of HIV services in selected oblasts in Kyrgyzstan. The report presents critical findings and makes recommendations for addressing gaps based upon input from public and NGO service providers and clients. The report includes the interviewer's and moderator's guides used in the HIV mapping activity. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

AIDSTAR-One Assessment of Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling Implementation: Cambodia (PDF, 594 KB)

In 2007, Cambodia initiated Healthcare Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling, in which health care providers in specialty clinics would recommend routine referral for HIV testing at a voluntary confidential counseling and testing site. The approach varied from WHO guidelines in that it offered routine referral and not routine testing. AIDSTAR-One conducted a rapid assessment of Cambodia's approach, and included in this report are recommendations that define activities aimed to fill current gaps and could lay groundwork for implementing the WHO's PITC approach in Cambodia. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

AIDSTAR-One Case Study. Club Risky Business: A Zambian Television Series Challenges Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships through the One Love Kwasila! Campaign (PDF, 587 KB)

Addressing multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships and other drivers of HIV in Zambia, this fictional mini-series and its associated One Love Kwasila! multimedia campaign encouraged viewers to protect themselves and their partners by cutting their connections to HIV. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

AIDSTAR-One Case Study. The Avahan-India AIDS Initiative: Promising Approaches to Combination HIV Prevention Programming in Concentrated Epidemics (PDF, 492 KB)

Launched in 2003, the Avahan-India HIV prevention program has become a global model for combination HIV prevention programming that meets the complex and varied needs of most-at-risk populations. This case study describes Avahan's behavioral, biomedical, and structural components and how the program was able to quickly scale up its activities across 82 districts in India. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

AIDSTAR-One Case Study. The HIPS Project: Extending Health Care Through the Private Sector in Uganda (PDF, 538 KB)

The Health Initiatives for the Private Sector (HIPS) Project is a model for involving private providers in a national HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment approach, while strategically planning for long term sustainability. This case study looks at the issues around decentralization of HIV treatment to private providers, as well as how private sector engagement can support the goals of the PEPFAR strategy. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

AIDSTAR-One Case Study: Faith-Based Organizations and HIV Prevention with Most-at-Risk Populations in Mexico (PDF, 664 KB)

The influence of religious groups in parts of Latin America positions them to target most at risk populations (MARPs) who may have been overlooked by traditional HIV prevention outreach. In Mexico, La Iglesia de la Reconciliación, VIHas de Vida, and El Mesón de la Misericordia are challenging assumptions about faith-based organizations (FBOs) and the role they can play in HIV prevention. These three FBOs integrate spirituality and a holistic vision of health into their activities, sharing information on HIV and providing other HIV-related services in Mexico City and Guadalajara. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

AIDSTAR-One Technical Brief. Transition of Management and Leadership of HIV Care and Treatment Programs to Local Partners: Critical Elements and Lessons Learned (PDF, 845 KB)

Assessing and strengthening countries' capacity to implement policies and manage public resources towards their development goals has become a key priority for donors working to transition management of development programs, such as HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs, to country ownership. The purpose of this technical brief is to highlight the common elements of successfully transitioned programs, their approaches, and lessons learned to help PEPFAR program managers transition their programs to greater host country management. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Case Study: Legal Units - Child Protection Support in Côte d'Ivoire (PDF, 813 KB)

Orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC) are susceptible to abuse, exploitation,
violence, and neglect and often do not have access to support systems designed to
assist in these instances. This case study examines Legal Units in Côte d'Ivoire, a
network of individuals and resources that can be tapped as needed to protect the rights of children and their families. Their mission is to help resolve legal problems for OVC and their families either by mediation or prosecution, and to raise awareness about children's rights among OVC and their communities. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Increasing Access to Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Services (PDF, 680 KB)

This technical report discusses the many services needed throughout the prevention
of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and infant care services continuum and
identifies potential barriers to service coverage, access, and utilization. AIDSTAR-One
provides examples of evidence-based and emerging practices to mitigate these
barriers. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Technical Brief: Early Childhood Development for OVC - Key Considerations (PDF, 504 KB)

Research shows that early childhood development (ECD) is critical to both mental and physical health later in life. However, programming targeting orphans and
vulnerable children (OVC) is almost exclusively focused on school-aged OVC, and only rarely are very young children included in program activities. This technical
brief, aimed at program planners and implementers, highlights the benefits of ECD interventions and outlines essential elements of ECD programming targeted
towards OVC. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Technical Brief: Integrating PMTCT of HIV Interventions with MNCH Services (PDF, 850 KB)

HIV presents an increasing risk to pregnant women, their infants, and their families.
In response, governments are looking to the integration of two services traditionally
provided separately: maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) and prevention of
mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. This technical brief reviews clinical and
programmatic considerations, as well as challenges, of reorienting health systems to
include PMTCT interventions within the full continuum of existing public, private, and
community-based women and newborn health services. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Technical Brief: MSM & HIV in the Anglophone Caribbean - A Situation Review (PDF, 507 KB)

AIDSTAR-One Case Study: The Fataki Campaign (PDF, 768 KB)

Little attention is paid to the potential risk of HIV exposure in intergenerational relationships, through which older men offer young women money or goods in exchange for sex. This case study examines the Fataki radio campaign in Tanzania, which uses humor and familiar stories to foster dialogue around the dangers of intergenerational sex and to empower community members to intervene. JSI/AIDSTAR-One Project. 2010.

AIDSTAR-One Case Study. Mental Health Care and Support: FHI Vietnam Program (PDF, 1.02 MB)

The mental health needs of people living with HIV (PLHIV) are often overlooked in
care, treatment, and support programs. This AIDSTAR-One case study provides a step-by-step example of how FHI in Vietnam integrated mental health services into a care and treatment program and a methadone maintenance treatment program to improve the quality of life among PLHIV. JSI/AIDSTAR-One Project. 2010.

The O Icheke Campaign, Botswana: A National Behavior Change Communication Program to Reduce Multiple and Concurrent Partnerships (PDF, 608 KB)

As a lynchpin of its bold goal of zero new HIV infections by 2016, Botswana's national O Icheke: Break the Chain campaign offers a wake-up call on the risks of multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships. O Icheke ("Check Yourself" in Setswana) combines mass media with district-level interventions targeting community norms change and individual behavior change. AIDSTAR-One's HIV Prevention Case Study Series documents the "how to" aspect of good and promising HIV programs through in-depth documentation of program implementation and results. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, January 2011.

Laboratory Standardization: Lessons Learned and Practical Approaches (PDF, 1.27 MB)

As the organizational structure of laboratories in limited-resource settings has evolved in response to HIV, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases; and as more peripheral laboratories have become involved in providing routine testing, the need for laboratory standardization has become more pronounced. This paper provides a detailed definition and description of laboratory standardization, outlines the benefits, and offers some suggested approaches for implementing standardization in-country. JSI/ USAID | DELIVER Project, 2010.

The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India (PDF, 502 KB)

Recent studies confirm that globally men who have sex with men (MSM) are at significantly greater risk for HIV infection than other adults of reproductive age, due to a combination of biological, behavioral, and structural factors. In a sometimes difficult cultural and political environment, the Humsafar Trust works with MSM in Mumbai and successfully links community advocacy and support activities to the development of effective HIV prevention and health services. In India as elsewhere, the development of responsive programming and service options for MSM will help reduce their vulnerability to HIV and improve the verall effectiveness of the HIV response. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, 2010.

The SHARe Story Book (PDF, 25.04 MB)

This story book highlights the successes of the USAID-funded Support to the HIV/AIDS Response in Zambia (SHARe) Project, which has served as a catalyst to reduce the impact of HIV & AIDS and to improve the quality of life for persons affected in Zambia. Throughout the life of the project, SHARe has aimed to reduce workplace absenteeism, strengthen the capacity of coordinating structures, and improve the policy and regulatory environment as related to HIV/AIDS.

An Evaluation Study on the Relevance and Effectiveness of Training Activities in Northern Uganda (PDF, 206 KB)

In-service training is required for quality health service delivery, particularly in a human-resource-constrained setting. However, detailed evaluation of training effectiveness is rarely conducted because the improved theoretical knowledge demonstrated by trainees during training is commonly used as a proxy indicator of effectiveness. This study is focused on a trained health workforce in Northern Uganda. The retention of specifically-trained staff 12-15 months after attending training was examined, as was the relevance and usefulness of the training as perceived by the health workers. February 2010.

HIV Prevention Needs Among Hispanic/Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Denver Metro Area (PDF, 2.48 MB)

JSI conducted formative evaluation to guide HIV prevention services for urban Hispanic/Latino MSM in 2010. The resulting in-depth report uses community input to reveal the perceptions of Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) on the current state of and suggestions for HIV prevention services in the Denver Metro area. The report is the result of a formative evaluation study that the JSI Denver office conducted in November and December 2009 funded by the Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment, Disease Control & Environmental Epidemiology Division, STI/HIV Section. JSI conducted 6 focus groups and 12 interviews, half in Spanish and half in English, with Hispanic/Latino MSM that reside and receive HIV prevention services in the Denver metropolitan area in Colorado. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2010.

CEPEHRG and Maritime, Ghana: Engaging New Partners and New Technologies to Prevent HIV among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) (PDF, 701 KB)

MSM have been neglected in HIV programming in sub-Saharan Africa, frequently ignored in national strategies and hidden in the face of intolerance, stigmatization, and punitive laws. In Ghana, community-based organizations have been at the forefront of HIV interventions for MSM. Among the small number of CBOs working with this highly vulnerable population are the Accra-based Center for Popular Education and Human Rights, Ghana (CEPEHRG) and Maritime Life Precious Foundation (Maritime) in Takoradi. With the support of PEPFAR, these two organizations have been part of much-needed efforts to reach MSM with prevention messages, condoms, and lubricant and have increased uptake of HIV-related
services using cell phone-based communications. JSI/AIDSTAR-One, January 2010.

AIDSTAR-One Case Study. The Private Sector: Extending the Reach of Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling in Kenya (PDF, 570 KB)

Despite scale-up of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) interventions mostly involving voluntary counseling and testing or client-initiated testing and counseling sites, HTC uptake and individual knowledge of HIV status in many countries remains low. Provider initiated testing and counseling (PITC) is an emerging model of HTC that aims to increase testing rates. The private sector provides a significant portion of care in resource-poor countries, yet these providers are often left out of training or other capacity building efforts, which can affect a country's ability to effectively implement and expand health services, such as PITC. To our knowledge, APHIA II Western is one of few programs engaging private providers in PITC efforts. Lessons learned from this project can be applied to other countries seeking to initiate, roll-out, or expand PITC activities. JSI/AIDSTAR-One. 2011.

Protecting Ourselves and Each Other: A Child Rights and Protection Resource (PDF, 2.65 MB)

This booklet was developed in Western Uganda to raise awareness among children and caregivers about child protection and child rights issues. The guide contains information that helps children and their friends understand their rights and responsibilities and find ways to identify resources in their communities that can help when rights are being violated. The booklet is also useful for teachers, caregivers, and other organizations working to strengthen community child protection services. Developed by the Bantwana Initiative and Francois-Xavier Bagnoud-Uganda in conjunction with worked community-based organizations, youth-led child rights clubs, and district officials in the districts of Kasese, Kabarole, and Kyenjojo in Western Uganda. Bantwana Initiative and Francois-Xavier Bagnoud-Uganda, 2010.

Technical Brief: Integrating Gender into Programs for Most-At-Risk Populations (PDF, 1.22 MB)

Gender inequity is a fundamental driver in the HIV epidemic. Integrating strategies to address
gender inequity and change harmful gender norms is an increasingly important component of HIV
programs. The purpose of this Technical Brief is to provide program managers and planners with an
overview of the recent research literature on gender-related constraints, future program approaches,
and gender-related challenges that should be considered in programs to reduce HIV risk among
MARPs. John Snow, Inc., 2010.

NUMAT: Report of the Study on Utilization of the Basic Care Package Kit Among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PDF, 342 KB)

The Northern Uganda Malaria AIDS and TB Programme (NUMAT) is helping to establish an effective referral system and improve its performance to ensure that people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their families benefit from existing subsidiary services provided by partners, including basic care package (BCP) commodities. The BCP programme goal is to help reduce morbidity and mortality caused by opportunistic infections and HIV transmission.

The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the appropriateness and the level of utilization of the various commodities distributed; 2) to assess the perceived benefits from the PLHIV and their relatives; 3) to estimate the utilization of other PLHIV-related interventions not directly provided by NUMAT but recommended and amenable for referral, such as cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (CPT), HIV counseling and testing of the discordant partner and/or their children, TB screening and family planning. JSI/NUMAT, 2009.

Assessment of the Impacts of Changes in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Legislation on Care and Treatment Services. A Report of an Assessment of 27 Ryan White Program Grantees (PDF, 363 KB)

The 2006 reauthorization of the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Modernization Act included a number of provisions and changes that have affected grantees and the provision of HIV care and treatment services. In 2007, HRSA's HIV/AIDS Bureau (HAB) Division of Science and Policy (DSP) contracted with JSI to assess the implementation of the core medical services provision among nine Part A, B, and C grantees. In fall 2008, HAB contracted again with JSI to conduct an assessment of the impact of a number of additional changes in the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program legislation on care and treatment services. For this study, JSI conducted discussions with 27 Ryan White Program grantees, including nine Part A eligible metropolitan areas (EMAs) and transitional grant areas (TGAs), nine Part B states and territories, and nine Part D programs that serve women, infants, children, and youth. The final report includes background to the assessment, methodology, study findings, and recommendations.

Bantwana Schools Integrated Program (BSIP) Child Profiling Report (PDF, 5.92 MB)

Bantwana, in collaboration with researchers from Harvard University, developed a child profiling tool to gather information on the impact of the Bantwana Schools Integrated Program (BSIP) at the level of the child. This report presents key findings from the data collected in BSIP-supported schools in 2008 using the child profiling tool; these findings have implications for current and future OVC programming. Areas examined include nutrition, education, health, psychosocial support, preventing risky behaviors, abuse and exploitation, and knowledge about HIV prevention.

The results of the child profiling baseline collection were presented to each school, as well as at the national level to key stakeholders, including government officials, international implementing agencies, and donors. Ivelina Borisova, Mavis Vilane, Bantwana Initiative, 2009.

I Just Found Out: Connecticut HIV Referral Guide (PDF, 6.38 MB)

This referral guide accompanies the "Frequently Asked Questions" brochure, designed for clients receiving a new HIV-positive diagnosis in Connecticut. The materials are designed to facilitate the provision of high-quality referrals for HIV-positive clients and to increase provider use of the HIV rapid test by providing referral resources specific to Connecticut at the tip of their fingers. These materials were produced by JSI under a cooperative agreement with CDC to integrate HIV prevention and testing into reproductive health care. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., 2009.

I Just Found Out: Frequently Asked Questions About Your HIV Test in Rhode Island (2009 Update) (PDF, 1.21 MB)

JSI Research & Training Institute has developed a locale-specific "Frequently Asked Questions" brochure for clients receiving a new HIV-positive diagnosis in Rhode Island for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition to the FAQ brochure, JSI has produced a Referral Guide which includes additional resources to accompany the patient booklet. The materials are designed to facilitate the provision of high-quality referrals for HIV-positive clients and to increase provider use of the HIV rapid test by providing referral resources specific to Rhode Island at the tip of their fingers. These materials were produced by JSI under a cooperative agreement with CDC to integrate HIV prevention and testing into reproductive health care. Learn more about the project. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2009.

I Just Found Out: Northeastern Massachusetts HIV Referral Guide (PDF, 6.30 MB)

This referral guide accompanies the "Frequently Asked Questions" brochure, designed for clients receiving a new HIV-positive diagnosis in Northeastern Massachusetts. The materials are designed to facilitate the provision of high-quality referrals for HIV-positive clients and to increase provider use of the HIV rapid test by providing referral resources specific to Northeastern Massachusetts at the tip of their fingers. These materials were produced by JSI under a cooperative agreement with CDC to integrate HIV prevention and testing into reproductive health care. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2009.

I Just Found Out: Rhode Island HIV Referral Guide (PDF, 18.30 MB)

This referral guide accompanies the "Frequently Asked Questions" brochure, designed for clients receiving a new HIV-positive diagnosis in Rhode Island. In addition to the FAQ brochure, JSI has produced a Referral Guide which includes additional resources to accompany the patient booklet. The materials are designed to facilitate the provision of high-quality referrals for HIV-positive clients and to increase provider use of the HIV rapid test by providing referral resources specific to Rhode Island at the tip of their fingers. These materials were produced by JSI under a cooperative agreement with CDC to integrate HIV prevention and testing into reproductive health care. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2009.

Building Bridges: Working with American Indian/Alaska Native Health Care Providers to Integrate Reproductive Health, STI, and HIV Prevention Services (PDF, 4.56 MB)

This toolkit brings together various tools, information and resources is intended to be used as a general resource for groups who are trying to partner with American Indian/Alaska Native communities to address HIV prevention integration in both urban and non-urban areas. JSI's work was concentrated within the Northern Plains tribal culture (tribes residing in Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming) - work and lessons may look different within other regions and within other tribal communities and cultures.

It is intended to supplement the Roadmap to Integration: HIV Prevention Is Reproductive Health toolkit. The Roadmap toolkit is a technical assistance and training guide which may be used by Regional Training Center staff to facilitate integration of HIV services into reproductive health clinics and other settings. Assisted by the RTCs, clinics can discuss the desired level of HIV integration, assess the current level of integration, determine clinic proficiency at the current level, assess current clinic capacities, develop a training and technical assistance plan to build and enhance capacities and evaluation efforts in integrating HIV service into clinical practice. Yvonne Hamby, Christine Duclos, Mary McCrimmon. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2009.

Uganda HIV/AIDS Services Project (UHSP) Final Report (PDF, 31.21 MB)

This report presents the key achievements of the Uganda HIV/AIDS Services Project (UHSP). Supported interventions aimed at improving human capacity through increasing access, quality and utilization of HIV&AIDS services in 33 districts of Uganda. UHSP worked in partnership with 12 civil society organizations (CSOs) using a granting mechanism with eleven of them and a fixed price contracting mechanism with one implementing partner. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., 2009.

Laboratory Logistics Handbook: A Guide to Designing and Managing Laboratory Logistics Systems (PDF, 1.19 MB)

The expansion of programs for HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria requires strong and supportive laboratory services.This document describes the function and organization of laboratory services and the commodities needed for laboratory services, and it discusses supply chain considerations for management of laboratory commodities. JSI/ USAID|DELIVER PROJECT. 2009.

Guide for Quantifying Laboratory Supplies (PDF, 1.29 MB)

Laboratory commodities are used to provide preventive and care services that support public health programs, such as HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. The specific characteristics and quantities of laboratory commodities to be handled pose a particular challenge to managing the supply chain. Quantification of health commodities is a process that includes estimating the quantities and the cost of products required to meet customer demand and to fill the pipeline with adequate stock levels, taking into account service delivery capacity, supply pipeline requirements, and resources available for procurement. This guide describes the process and methodologies used for quantifying laboratory supplies. JSI/USAID|DELIVER PROJECT. July 2008.

Building a Standard Laboratory Equipment List (PDF, 1.30 MB)

This document is a tool to aid country laboratory program decision makers in one aspect of standardization: Identifying, documenting, and evaluating criteria to select laboratory equipment to appear on the country's standard equipment list. JSI/USAID|DELIVER PROJECT. June 2008.

Bantwana Child Profiling Tool (PDF, 2.05 MB)

The Bantwana Child Profiling Tool helps practitioners working in the OVC sector capture and assess aspects of a child's well-being and vulnerability. It measures how a child's comprehensive needs are or are not being met, and how programs can or are directly impacting children. The tool is also designed to enable practitioners in countries where Bantwana operates to assess performance indicators that align with national OVC policies and goals. The tool can be tailored to meet the needs of an individual program and its goals. JSI/World Education Bantwana Initiative. 2008.

Community HIV Counseling and Testing: A Handbook on Participatory Needs Assessment (PDF, 1.63 MB)

This document provides guidance for conducting community HIV counselling and testing, an approach that uses existing community competencies in dealing with HIV in general, and HIV counselling and testing in particular. The COHCT concept is premised on the knowledge that HIV counselling and testing is an entry point into HIV prevention, care, and support and that communities have a primary role to play in HIV/AIDS interventions.

This handbook provides a menu of tools that development agencies/service providers can choose from to facilitate planning for a community HIV counselling and testing process as well as care and support initiatives within communities. The strength of this handbook is that it blends participatory learning and action approaches to enable the user put HIV/AIDS programming on the community agenda. It contextualizes HIV and AIDS beyond the (traditional) health facility level, enabling consideration of the social and economic factors inherent in HIV/AIDS interventions. Kasaija, Josephine and Nsabagasani, Xavier (eds) JSI/UPHOLD Programme. 2008

I Just Found Out: Frequently Asked Questions About Your HIV Test in Maine (PDF, 1.06 MB)

This locale-specific "Frequently Asked Questions" brochure is designed to assist clients receiving a new HIV-positive diagnosis in Maine. In addition to this FAQ brochure, JSI has produced a Referral Guide which includes additional resources to accompany the patient booklet.

The materials are designed to facilitate the provision of high-quality referrals for HIV-positive clients and to increase provider use of the HIV Rapid Test by providing referral resources specific to Maine at the tip of their fingers. These materials were produced by JSI under a cooperative agreement with CDC to integrate HIV prevention and testing into reproductive health care. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2008.

I Just Found Out: Frequently Asked Questions About Your HIV Test in Southeastern Massachusetts (PDF, 1.06 MB)

This locale-specific "Frequently Asked Questions" brochure is designed to assist clients receiving a new HIV-positive diagnosis in Southeastern Massachusetts. In addition to this FAQ brochure, JSI has produced a Referral Guide which includes additional resources to accompany the patient booklet.

The materials are designed to facilitate the provision of high-quality referrals for HIV-positive clients and to increase provider use of the HIV Rapid Test by providing referral resources specific to Massachusetts at the tip of their fingers. These materials were produced by JSI under a cooperative agreement with CDC to integrate HIV prevention and testing into reproductive health care. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2008.

I Just Found Out: Maine HIV Referral Guide (PDF, 4.23 MB)

This referral guide accompanies the "Frequently Asked Questions" brochure, designed for clients receiving a new HIV-positive diagnosis in Maine. The materials are designed to facilitate the provision of high-quality referrals for HIV-positive clients and to increase provider use of the HIV Rapid Test by providing referral resources specific to Maine at the tip of their fingers. These materials were produced by JSI under a cooperative agreement with CDC to integrate HIV prevention and testing into reproductive health care. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2008.

I Just Found Out: Southeastern Massachusetts HIV Referral Guide (PDF, 3.48 MB)

JSI Research & Training Institute has developed a locale-specific "Frequently Asked Questions" brochure for clients receiving a new HIV-positive diagnosis in Southeastern Massachusetts for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition to the FAQ brochure, JSI has produced a Referral Guide which includes additional resources to accompany the patient booklet.

The materials are designed to facilitate the provision of high-quality referrals for HIV-positive clients and to increase provider use of the HIV Rapid Test by providing referral resources specific to Massachusetts at the tip of their fingers. These materials were produced by JSI under a cooperative agreement with CDC to integrate HIV prevention and testing into reproductive health care. Learn more about the project. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2008.

Making a Difference in the Lives of Ugandans: UPHOLD Delivers Social Services through Partnerships (PDF, 4.65 MB)

This booklet presents more than 20 stories and narratives of initiatives undertaken through the USAID-funded UPHOLD project in Uganda. From promoting HIV prevention through couples clubs to improving school management, the profiles of partnerships featured within highlight the approaches and impact that UPHOLD staff and partners have had on individuals' lives as well as in schools, communities, and health centers. JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., and World Education, Inc., 2008.

Wyoming Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment Needs Assessment (PDF, 2.98 MB)

In March 2008, the Communicable Disease Section of the Wyoming Department of Health's Preventive Health and Safety Division (PHSD) contracted with John Snow, Inc. (JSI) to conduct a statewide HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment needs assessment. The purpose of the assessment was to ascertain information that will provide a basis for developing Wyoming's HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment plans, ultimately improving HIV/AIDS prevention and care services throughout the state. This report presents the findings of the needs assessment. John Snow, Inc., 2008.

Psychosocial Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children: An Introduction for Outreach Workers (PDF, 1.56 MB)

This illustrated introduction to psychosocial support (PSS) includes definitions and an overview of key issues regarding PSS for OVC. Some of the topics included are: general information on child rights, identification of children in need of support, challenges facing OVC, resilience and coping mechanisms, and aspects of care and support for children and caregivers. JSI/World Education Bantwana Initiative. 2007.

Tool to Assess Site Readiness for Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) (PDF, 227 KB)

This tool is an innovative guide that can be used to evaluate a site's level of capacity, vision, and HIV activities and services that are required for the rational introduction and expansion of ART. The tool was created based upon JSI staff's experience in HIV clinical care programs in the U.S. and following DELIVER's logistics assessment of Zimbabwe's readiness to initiate and expand ARV therapy. It has since been tested in a number of countries and undergone multiple revisions based on feedback from users. JSI & DELIVER projects. 2007.

Tool to Assess Site Readiness for Initiating Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy (PDF, 432 KB)

This tool is similar to the Tool to Assess Site Readiness for Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy or Capacity for Existing ART Sites. There are six domains that are used to assess site readiness to provide pediatric ART or the current status of services if ART delivery has already begun. The stages rating system can be used to identify steps needed to advance a site along different stages, from the Beginning Site (Stage 1) to the ultimate stage of Expansion and Resource Site (Stage 5). The number of points received by a site help to identify the stage of site readiness for provision of ARV services and to develop a set of recommendations and next steps to be done for development of pediatric HIV/AIDS services. Ruslan Malyuta, Lisa Hirschhorn, Andrew Fullem, Michael Farabaugh, John Snow, Inc. 2007.

Uganda: Using a Simple Survey Method to Scale Up Evidence-Based Decision Making at the District Level - the UPHOLD Project (PDF, 1.45 MB)

This case study, developed as part of JSI's Best Practices in Scaling Up series, examines how JSI's Uganda Program for Human and Holistic Development (UPHOLD) expanded use of the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) methodology for data collection and analysis. Because of the program, districts now have accurate data available for their planning, budgets more accurately reflect districts' specific needs, and district performance can be measured and health services thus improved. The case study also looks at the steps used to scale-up LQAS in Uganda and explores what worked and what was learned as the methodology was implemented broadly. Xavier Nsabagasani, Joseph Mabirizi, Samson Kironde, Nosa Orobaton, John Snow, Inc., 2007.

Child Health and Pediatric HIV/AIDS: A Brief Overview and Update (PDF, 4.59 MB)

This document reviews critical, timely issues in the field of pediatric HIV and AIDS, including important sources for staying up-to-date on new information. Carrie Hessler-Radelet and Mary Lyn Field-Nguer, JSI/BASICS Project. 2007.

Evaluation of the African Youth Alliance Program in Ghana, Tanzania, and Uganda: Impact on Sexual and Reproductive Health Behavior among Young People: Summary Report (PDF, 1.71 MB)

In 2005, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation asked JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., to evaluate the impact of The African Youth Alliance (AYA) program. The main objective of the evaluation was to determine whether exposure to AYA's comprehensive, integrated program resulted in improved adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) knowledge, attitudes, and sexual behaviors among male and female youth age 17-22 in areas where AYA worked in Ghana, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Results from the evaluation show that a significant number of young people in AYA implementation areas were reached by AYA programs and were able to recall ASRH messages, although the degree of exposure varied by country and by type of intervention. Results further demonstrated a significant positive impact of AYA on several variables, most notably condom use, contraceptive use, partner reduction, and several self-efficacy and knowledge antecedents. Overall, the impact of AYA on ASRH behaviors and their antecedents was greater for young women than for young men, especially in Ghana and Uganda. AYA was implemented from 2000 - 2006 by a unique partnership between the United Nations Population Fund, Pathfinder International, and the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health. Tim Williams, Stephanie Mullen, Ali Karim, Jessica Posner, JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc., 2007.

Assessing Supply Chains for HIV/AIDS Commodities (PDF, 2.88 MB)

This paper presents technical guidance for assessing supply chain management systems for HIV&AIDS programs in the context of system design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. JSI, USAID | DELIVER Project. 2006.

HIV/AIDS Commodity Security: A Framework for Strategic Planning (PDF, 1.50 MB)

An effective response to HIV&AIDS demands multisectoral and multi-programmatic action. HIV&AIDS programs, including antiretroviral therapy, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, voluntary counseling and testing, and post-exposure prophylaxis, require a vast number and range of commodities. This paper presents a framework for strategic planning that brings together a series of functions, programs, and activities necessary for the improvement of HIV/AIDS commodity security. JSI/ USAID | DELIVER PROJECT. 2006.

Zambia: When Scaling Up is the Only Alternative: Experience with Workplace HIV Programs in Zambia (PDF, 1.01 MB)

This case study, developed as part of JSI's Best Practices in Scaling Up series, examines the process used to scale up workplace-based HIV programs under JSI's Zambia Integrated Health Project (ZIHP) and the Support to the HIV/AIDS Response in Zambia (SHARe) Projects. The case study highlights how workplace-based programs matter, strategies and steps used to scale-up and results from Zambia. Also included are highlights of what JSI staff learned along the way as scale up processes were implemented. Mutinta Nyumbu, Rose Musumali Lungu, Simon Mutonyi and Chilufya Mwaba, John Snow, Inc., 2006.

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Family Planning Practices in HIV-Infected Women in Russia Facility Survey: Report of Main Findings (PDF, 1.07 MB)

This report presents the findings from a facility study of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and family planning services provided to HIV positive women in Russia. The study was conducted in 8 Russian regions in facilities both participating and not participating in The JSI Russia Maternal and Child Health Initiative (MCHI) program interventions. The aim of the study was to provide a socio-demographic profile of HIV-positive women coming to facilities for abortion or delivery, to obtain quantitative information on current practices and knowledge that will allow the appropriate authorities to strengthen training programs, improve clinical services, and to provide a firm basis for policy discussions. Natalia Vartapetova, Anna Karpushkina, JSI/MCHI. 2006.

Report of a Pediartric HIV/AIDS care and Treatment Assessment in the Kilimanjaro, Iringa, and Mbeya Regions of Tanzania (PDF, 3.64 MB)

This report provides findings from an assessment, conducted between June 6 and July 19, 2006 to assess and document the current status of pediatric HIV care and treatment services at the facility and community levels in three regions of Tanzania; document missed opportunities for identification and care and treatment of HIV-exposed and/or infected infants and children; and make recommendations to increase access to pediatric HIV care and treatment services. Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival (BASICS). 2006.

HIV/AIDS Business Coalitions: Guidelines for Building Business Coalitions against HIV/AIDS (PDF, 1.03 MB)

This document provides practical and relevant approaches for businesses that want to combine forces in the fight against HIV and AIDS. The manual includes key principles and frameworks for building a coalition, as well as lessons learned and examples for those interested in forming or enhancing the effectiveness of a business coalition to fight HIV and AIDS.

This manual was developed by JSI with World Bank funding, together with the World Bank Group, the World Economic Forum, UNAIDS, and the Corporate Council on Africa. The toolkit provides guidance to companies in the private sector on how to form a business coalition against HIV and AIDS. A list of existing business coalitions and related resources is also included in the document. 2004.

Human resource requirements for providing antiretroviral therapy in resource poor settings: working paper for the UN Millennium HIV/AIDS Task Force (PDF, 460 KB)

This report, commissioned by the United Nations HIV/AIDS Millennium Task Force, examines the current state of knowledge and experience on human resources for health requirements for expansion of antiretroviral therapy in resource limited settings. The report includes data from program site visits, review of projected needs from country- and site-level plans, and review of the literature on factors which may be important in determining the number of human resources for health required to provide quality ART in these settings. A revised version has been accepted for publication in the journal Human Resources for Health. Lisa Hirschhorn, Lulu Oguda, Andrew Fullem, Norbert Dreesch, JSI Research & Training Institute, Inc. 2004.

Integrating HIV Prevention and Family Planning Services: Organizational Self-Assessment Manual (PDF, 2.74 MB)

This guide/manual was developed to help family planning clinic managers and staff strategically work through how to provide integrated HIV services in the context of the clinic's organizational structure and resources. The manual consists of several modules each addressing key aspects of HIV integration including: Guiding principles/Model of care, Providing HIV Risk Assessment and Prevention Counseling Services, Linkage to HIV Testing Services, and Developing Referral Networks and Procedures. The manual also includes an extensive Special Section on Cultural Competence. 2004.

ProQ: Software for Estimating HIV test needs for VCT & PMTCT programs (PDF, 831 KB)

This brief fact sheet describes DELIVER software that helps program managers quantify HIV test requirements. 2003.

ProQ User's Manual (PDF, 2.43 MB)

The ProQ manual explains how to use ProQ software. It includes an introduction to ProQ and quantification, in general; instructions for installing the software on the user's computer; navigation techniques and conventions; instructions for conducting a quantification, and printing reports. JSI/DELIVER Project, 2003.

Training of Traditional Healers Facilitator's Guide, Zambia Integrated Health Programme (ZIHP) (PDF, 1.45 MB)

The Traditional Healers' Facilitator's Guide was developed in conjunction with the Zambian Central Board of Health for use in training traditional healers in disease management and referral systems. It was designed to improve traditional healers' programs and existing methods of practice and motivation in communities. 2003.

Asking the Hard Questions: A Reproductive Health Provider's Guide to Client-Centered HIV Risk Assessment (PDF, 461 KB)

This guide is deigned to help counselors, clinicians, health educators and other reproductive health care providers feel more confident about doing client-centered HIV sexual behavior and substance use risk assessment. A client-centered risk assessment is a conversation based on what the individual client reveals, and on their unique needs and circumstances. 2002.

Supporting Quality HIV Risk Assessment: A Guide for Reproductive Health Clinic Managers and Supervisors (PDF, 403 KB)

This Guide is designed as a companion to Asking the Hard Questions: A Reproductive Health Provider's Guide to Client-Centered HIV Risk Assessment. Its goal is to help clinic managers and supervisors assure that staff is equipped with the skills and knowledge necessary for providing quality care. This Guide offers tips on how to work with providers, using the Provider's Guide. 2002.

Creating an Effective, Compassionate and Comprehensive System of Health Care and Other Support for People Living with HIV/AIDS in Santa Clara County (PDF, 166 KB)

HIV and AIDS continue to be a major health problem in Santa Clara County. This document, "A Quality Continuum" is the Santa Clara County Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Services Plan for 2002-2004. This plan was developed collaboratively and reflects a wide range of perspectives. The Planning Committee used needs assessment data to develop priorities and allocations and goals and objectives. The final plan was submitted to and approved by the full Santa Clara County HIV Services Planning Council in September 2002. Stewart Landers, 2002.

The Contraceptive Forecasting Handbook for Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs (PDF, 6.08 MB)

Contraceptive Forecasting Handbook for Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs is a reference book for forecasting commodity needs for family planning and HIV and AIDS prevention programs. Topics range from general methodological considerations to special considerations when forecasting for HIV and AIDS prevention programs. JSI/USAID DELIVER Project, 2000.

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